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en:services:it_security:pki:start [2022/04/06 15:19] – [Detailed description of the possible uses of X.509 certificates] thinderen:services:it_security:pki:start [2022/11/23 16:11] – [Detailed description of e-mail encryption with X.509 certificates] thinder
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 +====== PKI ======
  
 +===== Public Key Infrastructure =====
 +
 +
 +Below you will find instructions on how to request certificates with popular web browsers as well as instructions for the use of this certificates. The instructions for certification shall relate to e-mail (S / MIME) certificates. However, the requirement of other types of certificates is designed largely similar. If you have suggestions for further instructions or additional questions, you can send an e-mail to [[support@gwdg.de?subject=Question(s) about certificate(s)&body=Ladies and gentlemen,%0A%0AI have the following question(s) about certificate(s):%0A%0A|support@gwdg.de]] or use the GWDG [[https://www.gwdg.de/support|support form]].
 +
 +===== Application for personal email certificate =====
 +
 +Request your personal email certificate using a Web browser.
 +
 +==== Select a  Registration Authority (RA) ====
 +
 +<WRAP left round box 22%>
 +|  **[[en:services:it_security:pki:mpgras|MPG staff]]**  |
 +</WRAP>
 +<WRAP left round box 22%>
 +|  **[[en:services:it_security:pki:uniras|Uni Göttingen staff]]**  |
 +</WRAP>
 +<WRAP left round box 22%>
 +|  **[[en:services:it_security:pki:gwdgras|GWDG staff]]**  |
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +===== The new way =====
 +==== Apply for a certificate ====
 +
 +<WRAP center round tip 60%>
 +Personal identification in times of the Corona pandemic can now be carried out with the [[en:services:it_security:pki:videoident| video identification]].
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +According to the following, as described in [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_4-5-2020_www.pdf#page=26|GN 04-05|20]] (currently only in German) in the paragraph "Der neue Beantragungsweg", the path to the new application pages is described, this will change from Fig. 2 there as described in the following.
 +
 +{{:en:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_01_en.png?800|There are now two larger buttons. To apply, click the "Apply for a new user certificate" button.}}
 +
 +There are now two larger buttons. To apply, click the "Apply for a new user certificate" button.
 +
 +{{:en:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_02_en.png?800|Enter the required data for the user certificate and click on the "Next" button.}}
 +
 +Enter the required data for the user certificate and click on the "Next" button.
 +
 +{{:en:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_03_en.png?800|A summary of the information is displayed. If everything is fine, click on the "Save request file" button.}}
 +
 +A summary of the information is displayed. If everything is fine, click on the "Save request file" button.
 +
 +{{:en:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_04_en.png?800|A password for the application file must be entered and confirmed by clicking on "Ok".}}
 +
 +A password for the application file must be entered and confirmed by clicking on "Ok".
 +
 +{{:en:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_05_en.png?800|The application file is stored in the download directory of the web browser used.}}
 +
 +The application file is stored in the download directory of the web browser used.
 +
 +With the application you signed, please go to the responsible RA operator in your institute.
 +
 +For personal identification, please have your valid ID.
 +
 +After personal identification and verification of the certificate application, the responsible RA operator will issue your certificate application.
 +
 +You will receive an e-mail with your certificate attached after your personal e-mail certificate has been issued.
 +
 +==== Certificate pick up ====
 +
 +After clicking on the URL in the mail or by copying and pasting into the address line of the browser with which the certificate was requested, click on "Pick up a requested certificate".
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_01_en.png?800|}}
 +
 +To specify or select the application file, click Browse and select the associated application file for the certificate to be obtained. The browsers store this file in the **Downloads** folder of the user.
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_06.png?800|}}
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_07.png?800|}}
 +
 +The information in the application file is displayed. If everything fits click "Next".
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_08.png?800|}}
 +
 +If an attempt is made to retrieve the certificate and the confirmation email has not yet been received, you will receive the following error message.
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_09.png?800|}}
 +
 +If the pickup worked, the data of the currently collected certificate is displayed in an overview. Clicking on "Save Certificate File" initiates the completion of the pickup.
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_10.png?800|}}
 +
 +To secure the certificate file to be saved, it is now imperative to enter a certificate password. Clicking OK completes the process.
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_11.png?800|}}
 +
 +At the end of the collection, an information page with important information that should be considered will be displayed.
 +
 +{{:de:services:it_security:pki:email_1.1_nachtrag_12.png?800|}}
 +
 +
 +===== The old way =====
 +<WRAP center round important 60%>
 +Microsoft Internet Explorer will no longer be supported for certificate application as of **__March 1, 2021__**!
 +
 +Please use the description for [[en:services:it_security:pki:start#the_new_way|the new way for certificate application]]
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 +===== Detailed description of e-mail encryption with X.509 certificates =====
 +For further steps and detailed instructions on how to install and use the certificate in different e-mail clients, please read the following documents.
 +
 +<WRAP center round info 100%>
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_4-2021_www.pdf#page=6|GWDG Nachrichten 4|21]] - Weitere Überarbeitung des Beantragungsweges für Nutzerzertifikate in der DFN-PKI
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_12-2019_www.pdf#page=9|GWDG Nachrichten 12|19]] - Teil 1: Beantragung und Sicherung von Zertifikaten
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_1-2-2020_www.pdf#page=14|GWDG Nachrichten 1-2|20]] - Teil 2: Installation und Verteilung von Zertifikaten
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_3-2020_www.pdf#page=6|GWDG Nachrichten 3|20]] - Teil 3: Outlook-E-Mail-Anwendungen
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_7-8-2020_www.pdf#page=8|GWDG Nachrichten 7-8|20]] - Teil 4: Apple E-Mail-Anwendungen
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_11-2020_www.pdf#page=12|GWDG Nachrichten 11|20]] - Teil 5: Thunderbird, Notes und Mutt
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_5-2021_www.pdf#page=8|GWDG Nachrichten 5|21]] - Teil 6: Private Zertifikate mit der Volksverschlüsselung
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_11-2022_www.pdf#page=8|GWDG Nachrichten 11|22]] - Teil 7: Beantragung, Erstellung und Import eines Nutzerzertifikats in der GÉANT TCS PKI
 +
 +<WRAP center round important 60%>
 +(currently only in German)
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +</WRAP>
 +===== Apply for server certificate =====
 +
 +Call OpenSSL with the following Parameters
 +
 +==== Unix/OS X ====
 +Simple Bash script...
 +<code bash createcsr.sh>openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -keyout priv-key.pem -out certreq.pem</code>
 +  * Download createscr.sh script.
 +  * Change flags with <code bash>chmod 744 createcsr.sh</code>
 +  * Run script as follows <code bash>./createcsr.sh</code>.
 +
 +==== Windows ====
 +Simple PowerShell script...
 +<code powershell createcsr.ps1>openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -keyout priv-key.pem -out certreq.pem</code>
 +Simple Batch script...
 +<code powershell createcsr.bat>openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -keyout priv-key.pem -out certreq.pem</code>
 +
 +After that, proceed with the [[#select_a_registration_authority_ra|Select a Registration Authority (RA)]] and upload the Certificate Signing Request (CSR) file in the offered web form of your institution, that you can reach by clicking on "upload for Servers".
 +===== Apply for server certificate with OpenSSL.cnf =====
 +
 +Call OpenSSL with the following Parameters
 +
 +==== Unix/OS X ====
 +Simple Bash script...
 +<code bash createcsr.sh>openssl req -config example.cnf -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -keyout example.key -out example-csr.pem</code>
 +  * Download createscr.sh script.
 +  * Change flags with <code bash>chmod 744 createcsr.sh</code>
 +  * Run script as follows <code bash>./createcsr.sh</code>.
 +
 +==== Windows ====
 +Simple PowerShell script...
 +<code powershell createcsr.ps1>openssl req -config example.cnf -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -keyout example.key -out example-csr.pem</code>
 +Simple Batch script...
 +<code powershell createcsr.bat>openssl req -config example.cnf -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -keyout example.key -out example-csr.pem</code>
 +
 +After that, proceed with the [[#select_a_registration_authority_ra|Select a Registration Authority (RA)]] and upload the Certificate Signing Request (CSR) file in the offered web form of your institution, that you can reach by clicking on "upload for Servers".
 +===== Sample files for OpenSSL.cnf =====
 +
 +
 +==== MPG ====
 +Please replace the word **example** with the server name and the email address **noreplay@{MPG | uni-goettingen | gwdg}.de** with a valid.
 +<code bash example.cnf>
 +HOME            = .
 +RANDFILE        = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ req ]
 +default_bits        = 4096
 +default_keyfile     = example.key
 +distinguished_name  = server_distinguished_name
 +req_extensions      = server_req_extensions
 +string_mask         = utf8only
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ server_distinguished_name ]
 +countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
 +countryName_default     = DE
 +
 +stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
 +stateOrProvinceName_default = Niedersachsen
 +
 +localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
 +localityName_default        = Goettingen
 +
 +organizationName            = Organization Name (eg, company)
 +organizationName_default    = Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
 +
 +# The name of your CA subordinate RA can be found here 
 +# https://info.gwdg.de/docs/doku.php?id=de:services:it_security:pki:mpgras
 +# and thus, replace the value PKI
 +organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, your Max-Planck-Institute)
 +organizationalUnitName_default = PKI
 +
 +commonName          = Common Name (eg, server FQDN or YOUR name)
 +commonName_default      = example.mpg.de
 +
 +emailAddress            = Email Address
 +emailAddress_default        = noreply@mpg.de
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ server_req_extensions ]
 +
 +subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash
 +basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
 +keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
 +subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
 +nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ alternate_names ]
 +
 +DNS.1       = example-san-1.mpg.de
 +DNS.2       = example-san-2.mpg.de
 +</code>
 +==== Uni Göttingen ====
 +Please replace the word **example** with the server name and the email address **noreplay@{MPG | uni-goettingen | gwdg}.de** with a valid.
 +<code bash example.cnf>
 +HOME            = .
 +RANDFILE        = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ req ]
 +default_bits        = 4096
 +default_keyfile     = example.key
 +distinguished_name  = server_distinguished_name
 +req_extensions      = server_req_extensions
 +string_mask         = utf8only
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ server_distinguished_name ]
 +countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
 +countryName_default     = DE
 +
 +stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
 +stateOrProvinceName_default = Niedersachsen
 +
 +localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
 +localityName_default        = Goettingen
 +
 +organizationName            = Organization Name (eg, company)
 +organizationName_default    = Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen
 +
 +# Please remove the comment character for the next two lines. The name of the CA child RA 
 +# You can see https://info.gwdg.de/docs/doku.php?id=de:services:it_security:pki:uniras here and thus replace the value PKI.
 +#organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, your Institute name in the Uni-Goettingen-CA)
 +#organizationalUnitName_default = PKI
 +
 +commonName          = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
 +commonName_default      = example.uni-goettingen.de
 +
 +emailAddress            = Email Address
 +emailAddress_default        = noreply@uni-goettingen.de
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ server_req_extensions ]
 +
 +subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash
 +basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
 +keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
 +subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
 +nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ alternate_names ]
 +
 +DNS.1       = example-san-1.uni-goettingen.de
 +DNS.2       = example-san-2.uni-goettingen.de
 +</code>
 +==== GWDG ====
 +Please replace the word **example** with the server name and the email address **noreplay@{MPG | uni-goettingen | gwdg}.de** with a valid.
 +<code bash example.cnf>
 +HOME            = .
 +RANDFILE        = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ req ]
 +default_bits        = 4096
 +default_keyfile     = example.key
 +distinguished_name  = server_distinguished_name
 +req_extensions      = server_req_extensions
 +string_mask         = utf8only
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ server_distinguished_name ]
 +countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
 +countryName_default     = DE
 +
 +stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
 +stateOrProvinceName_default = NIEDERSACHSEN
 +
 +localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
 +localityName_default        = GOETTINGEN
 +
 +organizationName            = Organization Name (eg, company)
 +organizationName_default    = Gesellschaft fuer wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung
 +
 +# Please remove the comment character for the next two lines. The name of the CA child RA 
 +# You can https://info.gwdg.de/docs/doku.php?id=de:services:it_security:pki:gwdgras here and replace the value PKI.
 +#organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, your Institute name in the Uni-Goettingen-CA)
 +#organizationalUnitName_default = PKI
 +
 +commonName          = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
 +commonName_default      = example.gwdg.de
 +
 +emailAddress            = Email Address
 +emailAddress_default        = noreply@gwdg.de
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ server_req_extensions ]
 +
 +subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash
 +basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
 +keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
 +subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
 +nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
 +
 +####################################################################
 +[ alternate_names ]
 +
 +DNS.1       = example-san-1.gwdg.de
 +DNS.2       = example-san-2.gwdg.de
 +</code>
 +
 +===== Important OpenSSL commands =====
 +A collection of important OpenSSL commands for server certificates
 +
 +==== Password removal from private key ====
 +<code bash>openssl rsa -in example.key -out example.np.key</code>
 +
 +==== Creating a PKCS # 12 file from private and public keys ====
 +<code bash>openssl pkcs12 -export -out example.pfx -inkey example.key -in example.pem</code>
 +
 +===== Detailed description of the possible uses of X.509 certificates =====
 +
 +<WRAP center round info 100%>
 +==== DFN-PKI ====
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_9-10-2020_www.pdf#page=10|GWDG Nachrichten 09-10|20]] - Teil 1: Serverzertifikate
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_12-2020_www.pdf#page=10|GWDG Nachrichten 12|20]] - Teil 2: Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen eines Teilnehmerservices
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_3-2021_www.pdf#page=8|GWDG Nachrichten 03|21]] - Teil 3: Das Programm GUIRA für den Teilnehmerservice
 +==== GÉANT TCS PKI ====
 +  - [[https://www.gwdg.de/documents/20182/27257/GN_3-2022_www.pdf#page=10|GWDG Nachrichten 03|22]] - Teil 4: Automatisierte Erstellung von Serverzertifikaten mit Bot-Software
 +
 +
 +<WRAP center round important 60%>
 +(currently only in German)
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +</WRAP>